By Deng Ghai Deng
Nile Basin states have announced the official entry into force of the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA), a landmark moment for transboundary water cooperation.
The agreement, which has been over a decade in the making, marks a significant step towards the equitable and sustainable use of the Nile River’s resources.
The African Union, the Depositary of the CFA, confirmed the status of deposition of instruments of ratification or accession on September 4, 2024, in accordance with Articles 43 and 45 of the CFA. The agreement has been ratified by five countries—Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda—and acceded to by South Sudan.
“The Cooperative Framework Agreement is a testament to our collective determination to harness the Nile River for the benefit of all,” stated the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) in their press release. “This agreement ensures its equitable and sustainable use for generations to come.”
The CFA was negotiated among nine Nile riparian countries, including Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Eritrea has participated in Nile Cooperation efforts as an observer.
One of the key aspects of the CFA is its promotion of transboundary cooperation. “Water does not recognize borders, and in the face of growing demand and finite resources, cooperation is the only sustainable path forward,” the NBI emphasized.
The agreement enshrines principles of collaboration, equitable use, and mutual respect among the countries that share the Nile’s waters.
The CFA aims to rectify historical imbalances in access to the Nile’s waters.
“The CFA recognizes the legitimate needs of all Nile Basin states and commits us to the equitable sharing of these waters in a manner that promotes sustainable development,” the statement read.
This agreement represents hope for the future, where each country can grow and prosper without depriving others of the same opportunity.
The entry into force of the CFA also paves the way for the establishment of the Nile River Basin Commission (NRBC).
The Commission will be responsible for managing and safeguarding the Nile’s resources for the benefit of all riparian states.
“This is a moment to congratulate the governments and people of the ten Nile riparian countries, and all partners and stakeholders, for their patience, resolve, and dedication to this cause,” the NBI concluded. “Today, we stand on the brink of a new era.”
The Nile Basin, which sustains more than half a billion people, faces significant challenges, including climate change, environmental degradation, and growing population pressures.
The CFA is seen as a vision for how the region can come together to ensure the sustainable and equitable use of the Nile’s resources.
This historic agreement is a model not only for the Nile region but for the world, showcasing how nations can come together to resolve common challenges for the greater good.